Draft of <ref target="/catalogue/record/MINT00285">MINT00285</ref> (Mint 19/2/104-5)

Draft of <ref target="/catalogue/record/MINT00285">MINT00285</ref> (Mint 19/2/104-5) Isaac Newton c. 1,503 words Newton Project London 2019 Newton Project, University of Oxford

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Before 1 July 1702, c. 1,503 words. 'The value of Gold in proportion to silver in several parts of Europe' [MINT 19/2/104-5] MINT 19/2/46-7, National Archives, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK UKSurreyKew, RichmondNational Archives MINT 19/2/46-7 Before 1 July 1702 England English Holograph MintEconomic Theory and Legislation Catalogue information compiled by Rob Iliffe, Peter Spargo & John Young Catalogue exported to teiHeader by Michael Hawkins Transcribed by Kees-Jan Schilt

In Amsterdam & the towns of Holland they reccon bargain & exchange by Florens (or livres) Sols & Deniers wchwhich yethe country people call Guldens Styvers & Penningken or Gilders Styvers & pence 1 Livre de Gros or Pondt Vlaem = 6 Florens = 240 Gros = 20 Schellings. 1 Floren = 20 sols. 1 sol = 16 Deniers = 2 Gross or Deniers de gross

The real Gold moneys of Amsterdam or Holland are

Ducats or Ducatons=20 Florens or Gilders Ducats or Quarters of Ducats=5 Florens. Wt 2dwt. 5gr. Better 1 Car 2gr. Ducats or Soveraigns=15 Flornes. Rose nobles=11 Florens

Their Silver moneys are

Ducatons=3 Florens 3 sols. Wt new 20dwt 21gr. Better 23

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dwt Drie Guldens or Three Gilder pieces=3 Florens. Wt new 2dwt 8gr . wors 1dwt Rixdaelders Cross Dollers or Patagons=2 Florens 10 sols Croons=2 Florens Daelders=1 Floren 10 sols Gout Guldens or Gold Gilders of coarse ☾=1 Florens 8 sols = 28 Stuyvers Florens or Guldens=1 Floren = 20 sols communs Sols de Gros or Schellings=6 Sols communs = 12 Gros Sols communs or Stuyvers=2 Gross = 8 Duytes = 16 Deniers

The half & quarter pieces are in proportion. They have other pieces of 2, 3, 4, 8, 12

\frac{1}{2}

sols & divers others for payment & Duytes or Deniers of copper of wchwhich 8 make yethe sol of Stuyver The money of yethe Bank is better then3 Guilders. (according to Mr Floyer)3 pr cent 3 GuildersCross Dollars & Ducatons4 pr cent Skillings & 28 styvers & Styvers 5 pr cent Bank money varies & is better then Dollars & Ducatons from 23 to 6 pr cent & then other Specie money proportionably. The buyer & seller of Bank money give 1 pr mille to yethe Bank for entring the bargain, the buyer gives one half & yethe Seller yethe other half.

In Brabant & Flanders & Zeeland. They reccon by Florens or Guldens, sols or Patars & Deniers or Pennings (:: 1. 20. 20 x 16), or else by Livers sols & Deniers de Gros wchwhich they call Pondt Schellings & Groot Vlaems (:: 1. 20. 20x12.). They have two sorts of money. One is imaginary called money de Change or Argent de permission & is yethe same in denomination & denvalue wthwith yethe Bank money of Amsterdam. The other is real & current vizt Ducats of gold=4 Florens 16 sols de argent de Change or de permission Ducatons of silver=3 Florens = 10 Schellings de change Patagons or Rixdaelders=2 Florens 8 sols = 96 Gros = 8 Schellings = de change Schellings or Sols de Gros=6 sols or Patars = 12 Gros Sols or Patars communs=2 Gros = 8 Duytes = 16 Pennings. Their Livers de gros & Florens are only imaginary. 1 Livre = 6 Florens. 100 Livres 100 Florens in money current of Amsterdam = 103

\frac{1}{3}

Florens in money current inof Antwerp, & 100 Florens in Bank money of Amsterdam or money of change of Antwerp = 108

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Florens in money current of Antwerp. Antwerp, Brussels, Gant, Bruges, Middleberg & all Brabant, Flanders & Zeeland have the same money without any sensible difference. A Patagon of Antwerp = 48 sols de argent de change = 51

\frac{2}{3}

sols de argent currant (+) = 50 sols or styvers de Amsterdam = Patagon of Amsterdam. 46 In France They reccon by Livers sSols & Deniers Turnois (:: 1. 20. 12, 20) the triple wchwhich they call Livres Sols & Deniers d'or sol. Their Gold coyns are the Lewi d'or or Pistol double & single ,& the half & quarter Pistol. Their silver coyns the Ecus Lewis or Crown Doller or Crown, the half crown, the quarter Crown or Cardecu the Reau or 3d part of yethe Cardecu or piece of 5 sous & the piece of 3

\frac{1}{2}

sous. The Pistol they reccon at 11 Livers Turnois or 3

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Ecus & the Ecu at 3 Livres or 60 sous. But of late they have raised all their money. They have also sols of base allay & deniers of copper. They raised their Pistol (in yethe late war) to 14 livres & their Ecus to 72 deniers but by an edict of last March the Pistol goes now for 13 Livres & the Ecus for 68 sols Turnois, except in Exchanges where the Pistol is still recconed at 11

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Livres & the Ecus at 60 sols or 3 Livres as before the warr. Their Gold coyns when molten into Ingots for recoynage prove

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legr. wors then standard & sometimes

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legr. newer standard. Whence one wthwith another they may be recconded

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legr worse. Their silver coyns are 10

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dwt worse then standard. Their double Pistols new out of the Mint weigh 8dwt 16

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gr one wthwith another & Ethe Ecus 17

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dwt & their smaller money proportionally. Their Gold is well sized, their silver not well. Pistols after wearing as they go in the Market weigh one wthwith another 4dwt 7

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gr. They size their Pistols to

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a grain their Ecus to 1

\frac{1}{2}

gr. In Spain The Gold Monies are the double Dobleon or four Pistol piece worth 16 Reales the Dobleon worth 8 Reaesles, the single worth 4 Reales, the Ecus de Mark or crown of Mark worth 2 Reales or 16 Reaus or 544 Maravadis. Their silver pieces are the Reale, Piastre, or Piece of 8 worth 1 Reale or 68 Reaus of old Plate & 10 of new. For since yethe year 1686 their monies have been raised 25 per cent, or in yethe proportion of 5 to 4 The

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piece of 8 & the

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ter (called in Ireland

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&

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ter. cobbs) worth 4 & 2 Reaus of old plate & 5 & 2

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of new. The Reale of plate or Silver worth 34 Maravadies. And The Maravadi is a little piece of copper money. Their Pistoles & Pieces of 8 are of yethe same weight wthwith yethe French Pistoles & Ecus vizt 4dwt 8gr & 17

\frac{1}{2}

dwt. Their Pistoles are

\frac{1}{4}

legr worse, their pieces of 8 of Sevil are

\frac{1}{2}

dwt worse those of Mexico 1dwt worse, those of Peru 16dwt worse, the Pillar Pieces of 8 are 2dwt better. Their Ducat is not a real coyn but an imaginary one being a name put for 11 Reaus or 374 Maravadis in merchandizing & 11 Reaus & 1 Maravadi or 3769 Maravadis in Bills or exchange. For Exchange are often made by yethe Ducat. The Silver money above mentioned they call money of Plate. This is real effective & invariable. They have another sort of money called money of Billon wchwhich is partly real (of silver & copper mixt) & partly imaginary & this money is half yethe value of the money of Plate but variable in value. In this money there are no Reales nor Reaus de Billon in specie but only quarter & half quarter of Reaus In Portugal The Gold monies are The grosfive Pistol piece of fine gold of yethe Ducat worth 10000 Res The Doppio Moeda or double Pistole worth 4000 Res The Moeda or Pistole worth 2000 Resor double Milt or Milres worth 2000 Res The My-Moeda or half Pistole or Milt or Milres worth 1000 Res The Silver coyns are Pataques or Patagons markt worth 600 Res The Patagons not markt worth 500 Res Crusados markt worth Crusados not markt or Ducats worth 400 Res or 10 Reals Half Ducats worth 200 Res or five Reales Testons or five-Vintai pieces worth 100 Res or 2

\frac{1}{2}

Reales Four} Vintain pieces worth80Res, or2Reales Three601

\frac{1}{2}

Two401 One200

\frac{1}{2}

Demi Vintains of Silver & copper worth 10 Res. They reccon by 100ds 1000ds ā millions of Res putting yethe mark after thousands thus 5. 734 340 res. That is five millions seven hundred thirty & four thousand, three hundred & forty res. Or five thousand seven hundred thirty & four Milres & three hundred and forty res. They make their exchange in Crusados or Ducats of 400 Res. These of the present King new out of yethe Mint (coynd before 1692) weigh one wthwith another 11dwt 4

\frac{1}{3}

\frac{1}{4}

gr, & are wors 1 dwt & therefore equal in value 34

\frac{1}{5}

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d of oer money new coynd & 34

\frac{1}{2}

d of oer standard money. But they are now raised to 480 Res, all yethe Portugal money being lately raised in proportion of 6 to 5. & new Crusados of 400 Ress are lighter then yethe former are in proportion of 5 to 6 are coyned. A new Crusade of 400 Res is recconed worth 28 pence Sterling & weighs so ytthat 400 res are recconed worth about 28

\frac{7}{8}

pence SterlingA new Moeda de Ourd fated 1700 new is beautifully coyned & weighs 3dwt 10gr or 82gr, & is exactly. recconed worth 11s 8d, so that 400 res are now recconed worth but 28 pence & is counted for 204400 res, but there is stampt upon it only 2000. Its worth 14s. 5d

\frac{1}{4}

. A spanish PistolePiastre is by the Portugese valued at 750 Res. A Pistole at 3000 Res 47